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Simple diagram of a drilling rig and its basic operationtypically includes at least some of the following items: See Drilling rig (petroleum) for a more detailed description.

Blowout preventers: (BOPs)
The equipment associated with a rig is to some extent dependent on the type of rig but (#23 & #24) are devices installed at the wellhead to prevent fluids and gases from unintentionally escaping from the borehole. #23 is the Annular (often referred to as the Hydril, which is one manufacturer) and #24 is the Pipe rams and Blind rams.

Decanter Centrifuge: an industrial version of the device that separates fine silt and sand from the drilling fluid.
Chain tongs: wrench with a section of chain, that wraps around whatever is being tightened or loosened. Similar to a pipe wrench.
Vacuum Degasser: a device that separates air and/or gas from the drilling fluid.
Desander / desilter: contains a set of Hydrocyclones that separate sand and silt from the drilling fluid.
Drawworks: (#7) is the mechanical section that contains the spool, whose main function is to reel in/out the drill line to raise/lower the traveling block (#11).
Drill Bit: (#26) device attached to the end of the drill string that breaks apart the rock being drilled. It contains jets through which the drilling fluid exits.
Drill Pipe: (#16) joints of hollow tubing used to connect the surface equipment to the bottom hole assembly (BHA) and acts as a conduit for the drilling fluid. In the diagram, these are stands of drill pipe which are 2 or 3 joints of drill pipe connected together vertically, usually to save time while Tripping pipe.
Elevators: a hinged device that is used to latch to the drill pipe or casing to facilitate the lowering or lifting (of pipe or casing) into or out of the borehole.
Mud motor: a hydraulically powered device positioned just above the drill bit used to spin the bit independently from the rest of the drill string.
Mud pump: (#4) reciprocal type of pump used to circulate drilling fluid through the system.
Mud tanks: (#1) often called mud pits, provides a reserve store of drilling fluid until it is required down the wellbore.
Rotary table: (#20) rotates the drill string along with the attached tools and bit.
Shale shaker: (#2) separates drill cuttings from the drilling fluid before it is pumped back down the borehole.

GN Solids Control Specilize In Mud circulation system for Oilfield Drilling rig.