Mud Solids Control Equipment

What is dredging?

Dredging is an excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least partly underwater, in shallow seas or fresh water areas with the purpose of gathering up bottom sediments and disposing of them at a different location. This technique is often used to keep waterways navigable.

What is dredger?

dredgers is a piece of equipment which can dig,transport and dump acertain amount of under water laying soil in a certain time.

In a dredging slurry separation project, dredge equipments include but not limit to dredger( dredge boat), dredge pumps, Flocculants mixing tower , slurry concentration tower, belt press filtration, sedimentation tank, dredging slurry separation system(DSS), etc. 

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The mud cleaning system produced by GN solids control is widely used for horizontal directional drilling , water welling drilling ,coal bed methane, geothermal hole and mining diamond core drilling , it is used to separate the drill cuttings from the mud, so that the clean mud can be re-circulated to continue the drilling process.

As the Geothermal drilling usually close or inside the downtown, this requires the mud system to be compact with less footprint and user friendly with less noisy. Also Geothermal well drilling sometimes require high capacity performance for deep wells. Below is the jobsite photo of mud cleaning system for geothermal drilling, which is produced and commissioning by GN solids control.              

                   

Like water well drilling, mud rotary drilling is also the desired method for installing geothermal loops. As the bit penetrates the soil, it creates smaller fragmented pieces that are called drill cuttings. The mud carries these cuttings to surface to create an open hole from the top down to the bottom. The drill cuttings are collected into a mud pan or settling pit on surface and then the mud is re-circulated to continue the drilling process.

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GN solids control design and manufacture linear motion shale shaker, and we produce shale shaker screens by our own factory. GN shaker screen factory Is located in the largest wire mesh center of Asia, we also supply replacement shale shaker screen for Swaco Mongoose( both in steel frame material and composite material) and Derrick FLC500 shale shaker, FLC2000 shale shaker.

By shaker screen frame, the screens type we can produce as

Hookstrip shale shaker screen, steel frame screen, composite material screen

By API mesh, we can produce from API40 to API 325. For special API mesh, pls confirm with GN. Our shale shaker screen is produced according to API RP13C.

By shale shaker brand & model, we can produce replacement shale shaker screens for

Derrick FLC500,FLC2000, Brandt Cobra, MI-SWACO Mongoose PT,BEM600, GN solids control, Kemtron, Fluids system, etc

By screen mesh layer, we usually supply shaker screens with 2 layers or 3 layers.

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Drill solids are the main contaminant of all drilling fluids and therefore their control is of the utmost importance. There are 3 main ways of controlling solids:

• Dilution

• Mechanical removal

• Gravity Settling

I ever saw in the water well drilling site in Mongolia that they do not use any solids control equipments but only dig several mud pits, by this way, it is very low efficiency and Environmental Pollution.

Solids control system is a way for mechanical removal the drill solids. Mainly it includes screen devices & Centrifugal Separation Devices. Screen devices is the most important equipment called shale shaker. In the future of solids control system, shale shaker will become the only solids control equipment which will be used instead of desander, desilter, mud cleaner, decanter centrifuge by improvement of its design. At present, linear motion shale shaker is the most popular vibration mode shale shaker.

But the arrangement of vibration motor various by different shale shaker manufacturer. Sometimes it is vertical installed, sometimes it is horizontal installed, it doesnot mean that horizontal installed shale shaker must be balanced elliptical motion shale shaker, it might be linear motion shaker.

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As a part of rig package, mud system is a separate but an essential part, the handling of drilling fluids can save huge cost of drilling. In the early oil industry open earthen pits were used as settling area to separate solids and mud thereby acting as a solids control equipment.

Now, with the stringent environmental regulations and high mud costs, the economics of an effective mud system come into consideration. Different solids control companies introduce zero-discharge systems, closed-loop systems, “quick move” technology, screening technology, disposal options etc. No reserve-mud pit is used in a truly closed mud system. Mud is continually processed primarily by mechanical means, such as screening, hydrocyclone and centrifuging to remove solids initially. A second stage to remove colloidal solids is by wastewater cleanup techniques.

Major components of a mud system, including:

Mud gas separator, flare ignition device

Shale shaker, mud cleaner(or desander, desilter), vacuum degasser, decanter centrifuge , centrifugal pump, mud hopper,  mud agitator, mud gun, mud tank and others, such as cutting dryer, screw auger, mud cooling unit,etc.

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GNZYQ1000 mud gas separator is capable of handling 1000~1400gpm drilling fluids. We have 6 units of mud gas separator in stock which are all ready for shipment with painting &　package, welcome to contact with our sales. Except for mud gas separator, we also have flare ignition device in stock, which usually worked together with mud gas separator for oilfield. Mud gas separator is used to separate the harmful gas from the drilling mud, then flare ignition device is used to connect to the gas discharge line of mud gas separator, and burned it , they work together to avoid “kick” situation.

According to base type , the mud gas separator can be divided into :

• Fixed type
• Elevating type

According to the bracket type, it can be divided into horizontal type and vertical type. Most of Chinese mud gas separator is vertical installed, when you need to transport it, you can lay it down , and there is lifting pad hotizontally. MI-SWACO mud gas separator is horizontal type with a skid, it is for simplifies transport, spotting and installation. Unit can lay down during over-the-road transport

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GNZS703 shale shaker produced by GN solids control has been widely used in oil & gas drilling. GNZS853 shale shaker is normally used for drilling cuttings treatment.

Below is the photo taken in South America oilfield drilling site. They use GN shale shaker to separate the large solids from the drilling fluids and get clean mud for reuse. Also they user GN shale shaker as a underflow shaker to help the performance of desander cone & desilter cone. 

To know how to operate GN shale shaker is much more important, also the maintenance. Only if you operate and maintain it according to the manual, you will use it same with some famous brand  shale shakers.

1 Angle adjustment

The angle can be adjusted both under running and off condition.When delivered ,the deck is horizontal(0°) 。While operating with the same shaker screen, according to the worksite mud property, and feeding capacity ,by adjusting the deck angle in order to improve the treatment result .When the drilling mud run off, enlarge the deck angle to solve the problem. Angle adjustment range -1°~+5°，rated angle 0°~3°。

2 Pool configuration

A better pool configuration can maximize the screen area and such achieve better result. It is hard to set the deck angle at one time ,it needs the operation personnel adjusting several times according to the flow of the mud .The best pool configuration is when the mud covers the first and second shaker screen.

3 Screen tention

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GN will show a 14 inch bowl decanter centrifuga at OTC, after the show, it will be sold out to South America. To length the service life of decanter centrifuga in drilling fluids separation, proper installation & maintenance is necessary.

At present, GN provide the decanter centrifuga below:

By bowl speed: high speed decanter centrifuga, middle speed decanter centrifuga y VFD decanter centrifuga

By bowl diameter: 14inch bowl, 8.7 inch bowl, 18inch bowl y 22 inch bowl decanter centrifuga

By speed adjustable o no: fixed speed decanter centrifuga y VFD decanter centrifuga

By screw propeller protection method:　coating with tungsten alloy o welding with tungsten carbide tiles

Totally we have GNLW223, GNLW363, GNLW452, GNLW453, GNLW553 series centrifuga. The main components of GN decanter centrifuga are as below:

1 bowl drive motor 2 screw conveyor drive motor 3 gear box 4 screw conveyor 5 bowl 6 hydraulic coupling 7 skid 8 vibration isolator 9 collection box 10 solids discharge chute 11 feed tube 12 fluids discharge churt 13support bracket

Among them, gear box, feed tube and screw conveyor is the most wearable parts, you need regular maintenance on them.

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Drill cuttings are separated by shale shaker, decander, desiler, decanter centrifuge, and collected by screw conveyor or vacuum unit , for further separation of vertical cutting dryer & decanter centrifuge.

In an ideal situation, all drill solids are removed from a drilling fluid by solids control equipment on a drilling operation. The two primary sources of solids are chemical additives and formation drill cuttings. Drill cuttings are contaminants that degrade the performance of the drilling fluid. If the drill cuttings are not separated, they will be ground into smaller and smaller particles that become more difficult to remove from the drilling fluid.

Most formation solids can be removed by mechanical means at the surface. Small particles are more difficult to remove and have a greater effect on drilling fluid properties than large particles. The particle size of drilled solids incorporated into drilling fluid can range from 1 to 250 microns (1 micron equals 1/25, 400 of an inch of 1/1000 of a millimetre).

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Whatever the drilling is, if only there is mud system, you will have mud mixing and agitation issues after a period of drilling.

Mud mixing equipment

GN jet mud mixer is specially used for mud mixing. GN Jet mud mixer is composed of a venturi type hopper and a centrifugal pump, we have 4 models available, GNSL150-45S,GNSL150-35S, GNSL100-25S,GNSL100-25M with 1320gallons/min, 880gpm, 400gpm and 264gpm mixing capacity.

How a venturi hopper work?

The fluid velocity must increase through the constriction to satisfy the equation of continuity, while its pressure must decrease due to conservation of energy: the gain in kinetic energy is balanced by a drop in pressure or a pressure gradient force. An equation for the drop in pressure due to the Venturi effect may be derived from a combination of Bernoulli’s principle and the equation of continuity.
Mud agitation equipments

Mud agitator is mainly used for mud agitation, sometimes for mud mixing. Also in some applications, vacuum degasser also be called a” big mud agitation equipment”.Mud agitator is composed of electric motor and gear box, the popular connection method is direct connection, in some countries, they still use shaft connection mud agitator.

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