Mud Solids Control Equipment

In the solids control processing and waste management work systems, the screw conveyor are widely used in transporting main solid part. Screw conveyor also called auger. The out look of screw conveyor like long boxes connect together and with impeller in it, with rotation of the impeller, the materials can be transported to collecting tank/box.

Theauger could be positioned in with a slope, and within a certain slope angle, the materials could be transported to enough height. for practice, like in a generalized solids control system, the screw conveyor are used in different places as below:

1. in WBM (water based mud) solids control system, the screw conveyor is also can be used to collect the drilling cuttings discharged from the desander and desilter,also the solids control centrifuge,and another auger is used to transport cutting to the solidification unit, normally is the final treatment for the drilling cuttings.
2. when auger is always in slope situation, which is used in receiving the solids cuttings from shaker and feed it tovertical cuttings dryer.to reduce liquid part
3. one set of screw conveyor used to collect solids cuttings from the shale shaker, and transport the80% dry cutting to tank or continue screw conveyor
4. screw conveyor are also used to collect the drilling cuttings discharged sometime by the vertical cuttings dryer and waste managementhigh speed decanter centrifugeand deliver them to the solidification unit.

For screw conveyor,the solids part must be high enough,or most liquid part will go to bottom of unit,for this situation,we may consider sludge vacuum transfer pump

GN Solids Control is the manufacturer for solids control and waste management systems and solution in China. also GN solids control focus on provides complete closed loop of zero discharge solutions to oil and gas drilling industry. Such solution includes: the solids control systems for drilling rigs ranging from 500 HP(horse power) work over rig to 2000 HP deep oil and gas drilling rigs, the drilling cuttings waste management system for both WBM(water based mud) and OBM(oil based mud), solidification unit for final treatment of drilling cuttings, for drilling fluids, GN has dewatering unit and dewatering centrifuges of high speed. And GNSC series screw conveyors are greatly used in those GN systems.

More question,please click our website

GN solids control supply vacuum pump,have some advice for the pump user

Vacuum pump is a new way for transfer material like sludge or slurry,compare with auger(screw conveyor),the vacuum transfer pump can save more space and make transfer work more clean

The pump is without any rotation items. With special structure design and powerful suction capability, it can be used at tough environmental for solids transfer

The vacuum pump is not work alone,it need air compressor to feed the pump

Normally vacuum pump will have minimum request for air compressor, like 17mm³/min(600CFM) at 550Kpa-795Kpa(80-114PSI),it means advice user prepare air compressor can fit this air demand and pressure,or higher,then the vacuum pump can work stable

The transfer/discharge distance is not fixed,it will change based on different material,transfer material should have enough flowability,can’t make pipe block and poor flowability means shorder distance vacuum can transfer,normally the manufacture will test transfer distance by clean water,and mark MDD(maximum discharge distance),higher capacity air compressor can make MDD longer

 

The compressor will include 5 parts,then to feed pump:

1.Main compressor

2.Air tank

3.Pre-filter

4.Refrigerated

5.Micro-filter

Some manufacture will supply main compressor signally,so,please mention to get all 5 part,then the vacuum pump can running

The vacuum pump can transfer waste mud/solids,drilling fluid,or hazardous waste recovery,for oil sludge in tank bottom clean,even sand course,fine,conventional and frac sand is supported

More use way of vacuum pump,please contact GN solids control

GN solids control can supply equipment for TBM drilling by mud system

There are two main methods : earth pressure balanced (EPB) and slurry type shield machine. Selection of shield method depends on surface conditions ,ground conditions, dimensions of the tunnel section,tunnel alignment , boring distanceand construction period. Both are closed-face type shield machines, meaning the “head” part of machine is “closed” and separated from the rear part of machine. The “head” has a working/running chamber filled with soil or slurry between the cutting face and bulkhead to stabilize the cutting face under soil pressure . The EPB type shield machine turns the excavated soil into mud pressure and holds it under soil pressure to stabilize the cutting surface. It have system to cut the soil, mixing system to mix the excavated soil into mud pressure, soil discharge solution system to discharge the soil and control system to keep the soil pressure uniform. Therefore, EPB may not be applicable for the rocky soil that is hard to turn the excavated soil into slurry or sludge. It can be used at ground predominated by clayer soil. The slurry kind shield machine, on the other way, uses the external pressurized slurry to stabilize the cutting face, similar to bored piles or diaphragm walls using bentonite to contain the trench wall. The slurry is circulated to transport the excavated soil by fluid conveyance. Besides having excavation system, the slurry type shield machine has slurry feed and discharge equipment to circulate and pressurize slurry and slurry processing equipment on the ground to adjust the slurry properties.

A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a “mole”, is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They may also be used for microtunneling. They can bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel diameters can range from a metre (done with micro-TBMs) to 19.25 metres to date. Tunnels of less than a metre or so in diameter are typically done using trenchless construction methods or horizontal directional drilling rather than TBMs.

Tunnel boring machines are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (D&B) methods in rock and conventional “hand mining” in soil. TBMs have the advantages of limiting the disturbance to the surrounding ground and producing a smooth tunnel wall. This significantly reduces the cost of lining the tunnel, and makes them suitable to use in heavily urbanized areas. The major disadvantage is the upfront cost. TBMs are expensive to construct, and can be difficult to transport. The longer the tunnel, the less the relative cost of tunnel boring machines versus drill and blast methods. This is because tunneling with TBMs is much more efficient and results in shortened completion times, assuming they operate successfully.

With TBM,sometime ,will use drilling fluid to keep press,GN solids control have centrifuge and other solids control equipment to join mud management system

In soft ground, there are three main types of TBMs: Earth Pressure Balance Machines (EPB), Slurry Shield (SS) and open-face type. Both types of closed machines operate like Single Shield TBMs, using thrust cylinders to advance forward by pushing off against concrete segments. Earth Pressure Balance Machines are used in soft ground with less than 7 bar of pressure. The cutter head does not use disc cutters only, but instead a combination of tungsten carbide cutting bits, carbide disc cutters, drag picks and/or hard rock disc cutters. The EPB gets its name because it uses the excavated material to balance the pressure at the tunnel face. Pressure is maintained in the cutterhead by controlling the rate of extraction of spoil through the Archimedes screw and the advance rate. Additives such as bentonite, polymers and foam can be injected ahead of the face to increase the stability of the ground. Additives can also be injected in the cutterhead/extraction screw to ensure that the spoil remains sufficiently cohesive to form a plug in the Archimedes screw to maintain pressure in the cutterhead and restrict water flowing through.

For solids control equipment with TBM,GN solids control can supply package system solution like shale shaker/centrifuge/vertical cutting dryer/other equipment to recycle drilling fluid,and treat waste ,please check more detail at GN solids control

With oil&gas drilling work going,more sludge come out,and many company want to solve it,and contact GN,we are trying to supply suitable product and solution

Background:

The oil & gas demand increased year by year. Many countries increased offshore/onshore oil and gas development efforts, while a large number of mining also caused serious environmental become bad, to keep balance of development and environmental. In the development process, oil-based mud, hydraulic fracturing and other development methods will cause high pollution.the company and local government should treat it seriously

 

Solid hazard:

It will take up large area of valuable land if the sludge is bulky and directly discharged without treatment.also pollutes the surrounding soil/water/air. If stored in the open air, the sludge will directly pollute the land and the crude oil will cause damaging pollution to the surrounding vegetation.not adviced,and the quantity of solid part is not small

Gas hazards:

Sludge is associated with the formation of foul gases and can contaminate the surrounding soil, water and air. In the event of a fire, open-air stored sludge will burn with toxic gases such as sulfur and cause serious air pollution, The physical health poses a serious threat.the damage gas will effect cillage and city directly if didn’t do prepare

Other hazards:

The mud contains a large number of pathogens, parasites (eggs), copper, zinc, chromium, mercury and other heavy metals, salts and PCBs, dioxins, radionuclides and other toxic and harmful substances is difficult to degradation, serious pollution and the surrounding damage to the environment.also the damage’s continue time is very long,

As solids control equipment manufacturer,GN will try supply suitable product to keep environment better

GN focus on manage drilling fluid for rig

Contamination of drilling fluids with drilled cuttings is an unavoidable consequence of successful drilling operations. If the drilling fluid does not carry cuttings and cavings to the surface, the rig either is not “making hole” or soon will be stuck in the hole it is making. The drill cuttings that are separated from the drilling fluid on the surface by the soldis control equipment and some quantity of unrecoverable or economically unwanted drilling fluid are a major source of drilling waste. Drilled and formation solids that are sized smaller than can be removed by the solids control equipment are often reported as drill solids. Some quantitiy of drill solids will accumulate in the drilling fluid and must be removed by the solids control equipment or reduced in concentration by dilution.

 

Mainy drilling fluid is WBFs and OBFs

 

WBFs:Water-based fluids

Water-based fluids (WBFs) are used to drill approximately 80% of all wells. The base fluid may be fresh water, seawater, brine, saturated brine, or a formate brine. The type of fluid selected depends on anticipated well conditions or on the specific interval of the well being drilled. For example, the surface interval typically is drilled with a low-density water- or seawater-based mud that contains few commercial additives. These systems incorporate natural clays in the course of the drilling operation. Some commercial bentonite or attapulgite also may be added to aid in fluid-loss control and to enhance hole-cleaning effectiveness. After surface casing is set and cemented, the operator often continues drilling with a WBF unless well conditions require displacing to an oil- or synthetic-based system.

Oil-based systems were developed and introduced in the 1960s to help address several drilling problems:

 

Formation clays that react, swell, or slough after exposure to WBFs

Increasing downhole temperatures

Contaminants

Stuck pipe and torque and drag

 

OBFs:Oil-based fluids

Oil-based fluids (OBFs) in use today are formulated with diesel, mineral oil, or low-toxicity linear olefins and paraffins. The olefins and paraffins are often referred to as “synthetics” although some are derived from distillation of crude oil and some are chemically synthesised from smaller molecules. The electrical stability of the internal brine or water phase is monitored to help ensure that the strength of the emulsion is maintained at or near a predetermined value. The emulsion should be stable enough to incorporate additional water volume if a downhole water flow is encountered.

For better rig work,GN have package solution and equipment for drilling fluids

As a famous standard,GN admit API ,and many place follow it

The American Petroleum Institute (API) is the largest U.S. trade association for the oil and natural gas industry. Built in 1919, the API is the first national-level business association in the United States and one of the earliest and most successful chambers of commerce in the world. The American Petroleum Institute is the largest U.S. trade association for the oil and gas industry. It represents about 400 enterprises involved in the oil industry production, refining, distribution. The Association’s main functions include advocacy and negotiation with the government, the legal community and regulatory agencies; research into the economic and environmental impacts of the industry; establishment of industry standards and certification; and outreach education advocacy. API funding and conducting a number of studies related to the oil industry.

It said to represent about 650 corporations involved in production, refinement, distribution, and big part of other aspects of the petroleum industry.

The association describes its mission as to influence public policy in support of a strong, viable U.S. oil and natural gas industry. Its chief functions on behalf of the industry include advocacy, negotiation and lobbying with governmental, legal, and regulatory agencies; research into economic, toxicological, and environmental effects; establishment and certification of industry standards; and education outreach.API both funds and conducts research related to many aspects of the petroleum industry.also it means a lot for the whole industrial,make it grow up stable,many company admit API as the standard in global, Now the CEO and president is Jack Gerard.

 

The API standard is widely used not only by domestic companies but also by federal and state laws and regulations as well as government agencies such as the Department of Transportation, Department of Defense, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Customs, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological Survey, etc. It is also cited by ISO, international legal metrology organization and over 100 national standards all over the world.

API standards mainly specify equipment performance, sometimes including design and process specifications. The standard setting areas include oil production, refining, measurement, transportation, sales, safety and fire protection, environmental regulations, etc. The information technology standards include EDI for the oil and gas industry , Communications and information technology applications and so on.

The API enjoys a high reputation both in the United States and in other parts of the world and is recognized by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Trade Commission as a petroleum machinery certification body. Its petrochemical and oil recovery machinery technical standards are adopted by many countries. Oil companies in many countries of the Middle East, South America and Asia generally require API-marked products when bidding for petroleum machinery to be eligible for bidding. Therefore, the oil machinery with the API logo is not only considered as reliable and advanced. Currently, there are members from all over the world in all aspects including exploration and production, transportation, refining and marketing. Today, APIs have evolved to become an integral part of the world’s oil industry activities, not only in the United States but increasingly.

API can guide the whole industrial grow up health,and GN already learn a lot from it

Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder, but it can be pressed and formed into shapes for use in industrial machinery, cutting tools, abrasives, armor-piercing rounds, other tools and instruments, and jewelry.

Tungsten carbide has a high melting point at 2,870 °C (5,200 °F), a boiling point of 6,000 °C (10,830 °F) when under a pressure equivalent to 1 standard atmosphere (100 kPa),a thermal conductivity of 110 W·m−1·K−1,and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 5.5 µm·m−1·K−1

Tungsten carbide is extremely hard, ranking about 9 on Mohs scale, and with a Vickers number of around 2600.It has a Young’s modulus of approximately 530–700 GPa,a bulk modulus of 630–655 GPa, and a shear modulus of 274 GPa. It has an ultimate tensile strength of 344 MPa, an ultimate compression strength of about 2.7 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.31.

Sintered tungsten carbide cutting tools are very abrasion resistant and can also withstand higher temperatures than standard high-speed steel tools. Carbide cutting surfaces are often used for machining through materials such as carbon steel or stainless steel, and in situations where other tools would wear away, such as high-quantity production runs. Because carbide tools maintain a sharp cutting edge better than other tools, they generally produce a better finish on parts, and their temperature resistance allows faster machining. The material is usually called cemented carbide, hardmetal or tungsten-carbide cobalt: it is a metal matrix composite, where tungsten carbide particles are the aggregate, and metallic cobalt serves as the matrix. Manufacturers use tungsten carbide as the main material in some high-speed drill bits, as it can resist high temperatures and is extremely hard.

The application of Tungsten carbide is extensive:

Cutting tools for machining/Ammunition/Mining/Nuclear/Sports usage/Surgical instruments/Jewelry/other

GN’s centrifuge screw is protected by interchangeable tungsten carbide tile for longer service life and easy maintenance

The shale shakers performance can be easily observed, all aspects of its operation are visible. Shale shakers provide the advantage of not degrading soft or friable cuttings. When well operated and maintained,shale shakers can produce a relatively dry cuttings discharge.

In unweighted muds, the shale shaker’s main role is to remove as much solids as possible and reduce the solids loading to the downstream hydrocyclones and centrifuges to improve their efficiency. In muds containing solid weighting agents such as barite, the shale shaker is the primary solids removal device. It is usually relied upon to remove all drilled cuttings coarser than the weighting material. Downstream equipment will often remove too much valuable weighting material.Enough shakers should be installed to process the entire circulating rate with the goal of removing as many drilled cuttings as economically feasible. Given the importance of the shale shaker, the most efficient

shakers and screens should be selected to achieve optimum economic performance of the solids control system.

Shaker performance is a function of:

• Vibration pattern
• Vibration dynamics
• Deck size and configuration
• Shaker screen characteristics
• Mud rheology (plastic viscosity)
• Solids loading rate (penetration rate, hole diameter)

The impact of each is discussed in detail in this chapter. Guidelines for shaker and screen selection are also provided.Simply stated, a shale shaker works by channelling mud and solids onto vibrating screens. The mud and fine solids pass through the screens and return to the active system. Solids coarser than the screen openings are conveyed off the screen by the vibratory motion of the shaker. The shaker is the only solids removal device that makes a separation based on physical particle size. Hydrocyclones and centrifuges separate solids based on differences in their relative mass.

Read more for GN Shale Shakers

• Derrick Shale Shaker Screen
• API Shale Shaker Screen
• MI-Swaco Shale Shaker Screen
• NOV Brandt Shale Shaker Screen

You will read more info. for the shale shaker screens available manufactured by GN Solids Control.

Mechanical sealing for centrifugal pump

Centrifugal pump is the regular pump use for solids control system and drilling oil system,GN solids control try supply reliable pump to every client

Mechanical seal as important point to decide pump’s quality and service life,was pay attentioned by GN solids control

The mechanical seal is simply a method of containing fluid within a vessel (typically pumps, mixers, etc.) where a rotating shaft passes through a stationary housing or occasionally, where the housing rotates around the shaft.

When sealing a centrifugal pump, the challenge is to allow a rotating shaft to enter the ‘wet’ area of the pump, without allowing large volumes of pressurized fluid to escape.

To address this challenge there needs to be a seal between the shaft and the pump housing that can contain the pressure of the process being pumped and withstand the friction caused by the shaft rotating.

Here we compare two different way

Traditional method

Gland packing is still commonly used in many applications, however increasingly users are adopting mechanical seals for the following reasons:;

• The friction of the shaft rotating wears away at the packing over time, which leads to increased leakage until the packing is adjusted or re-packed.
• The friction of the shaft also means that packing also needs to be flushed with large volumes of water in order to keep it cool.
• Packing needs to press against the shaft in order to reduce leakage – this means that the pump needs more drive power to turn the shaft, wasting energy.
• Because packing needs to contact the shaft it will eventually wear a groove into it, which can be costly to repair or replace.

Why choose mechanical sealing

• No “visible” leak – seals do leak vapour as the fluid film on the faces reaches the atmospheric side of the seal faces.
  • This would approximate to 1/2 teaspoon a day at normal operating pressures and temperatures, if it were captured and condensed.
• Modern cartridge seal designs do not damage the pump shaft or sleeve.
• Day to day maintenance is reduced as seals have inboard springs which make them self-adjusting as the faces wear.
• Seals have lightly loaded faces which consume less power than gland packing.
• Bearing contamination is reduced in normal operation as the lubricant does not become affected by seal leakage and wash out.
• Plant equipment also suffers less from corrosion if the product is contained in the pump.
• Vacuum can also be sealed with this technology, a problem for packing as air was drawn into the pump.
• Less wasted product will save money, even water is an expensive commodity and less clean up of the area will be needed.

To give client’s suitable product,GN solids control will always develop the design and improve service